A new study by Australian researchers has raised concerns over a possible link between vaping and cancers of the lungs and mouth, with experts calling for preventive regulatory measures as long-term evidence continues to emerge.
The study was led by researchers from the University of New South Wales in Sydney and reviewed scientific research, animal experiments, human case reports and laboratory studies published between 2017 and 2025. It was published in the journal Carcinogenesis.
Researchers found that exposure to nicotine-containing e-cigarette vapor was associated with early biological changes linked to cancer, including DNA damage and increased inflammation.
Experts said the findings were concerning because vaping appears to cause changes in cells and tissues in the mouth and lungs. Bernard Stewart, one of the researchers involved, said inhaling e-cigarette vapor produces clear changes in these tissues.
However, researchers noted that e-cigarettes only became widely available after 2000, meaning there is still not enough long-term data to establish how many people could eventually develop cancer due to vaping.
The researchers also reviewed cases involving people diagnosed with oral cancer who reported vaping but had never smoked conventional cigarettes.
Animal studies provided further warning signs, with some experiments showing that mice exposed to e-cigarette vapor developed more lung tumors. Researchers cautioned that such findings cannot be directly applied to humans.
The study’s authors urged regulators to consider the emerging evidence and introduce preventive measures while longer-term research continues, particularly as vaping becomes increasingly common among younger people.
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