Saudi Arabia’s Grade 11 Islamic Studies textbook lists the Conquest of Khyber as an example of peace with Jews, alongside agreements involving Christians and Arab tribes, according to a newly released review of the kingdom’s education curriculum seen by ProPakistani.
The textbook, ‘Islamic Studies’ and Hadith (2) for Grade 11 under the Pathways System for 2025-26, features a lesson titled “Islam [brings] the Message of Peace” and presents what it calls examples of peace and harmony.
Among the listed “Prophetic Agreements and Contracts” are the Contract of Medina, Agreement of Hudaybiyyah, reconciliation with Banu Damra, reconciliation with the Juhayna tribe and Bani Madlig, Peace of Najran, Hilf al-Fudul, Agreement of Aqaba and the Agreement of Khyber.
The textbook identifies the key purposes of these agreements as building partnerships among followers of different religions and cultures, protecting common interests and co-existing.
The review notes that the Khyber agreement is presented positively despite the historical context of the Muslims’ famous victory against the formidable fortress of Khyber, which involved a siege and the historically popular surrender of its inhabitants.
Wider Emphasis on Tolerance
The Khyber reference is in the context of Saudis seeking peace and coexistence with other religions.
A Grade 10 Critical Thinking textbook teaches that dialogue and coexistence are fundamental human needs and encourages students to learn about different cultures to promote mutual understanding.
Another lesson encourages dialogue between Saudis and other societies by highlighting shared cultural values and common ground.
A Grade 11 Islamic Studies lesson also mentions a hadith emphasizing peaceful relations between different groups as important for social co-existence.
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